Stevia steviol glycosides phofo e etsoa joang?
Sechabeng sa kajeno se amehileng ka bophelo bo botle, li-sweeteners tsa tlhaho li tumme haholo joalo ka mefuta e meng ea tsoekere ea setso. Har'a tsena, stevia e hlahella ka monate oa eona oa khalori ea zero e tsoang ho steviol glycosides. Sehloohong sena, ke kenella ka har'a mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho hlahisa stevia steviol glycosides phofo, ho hlahloba mekhoa e sebelisoang ke baeta-pele ba indasteri le saense ka mor'a bona.
Selelekela
Stevia, ka saense e tsejoa e le Stevia rebaudiana, ke semela se hlahang Amerika Boroa, se nkoang e le sa bohlokoa ka lebaka la makhasi a sona a monate haholo. Steviol glycosides, metsoako e ikarabellang bakeng sa monate oa stevia, e ntšoa makhasing ana ho etsa phofo e ntle e sebelisoang e le sebaka sa tsoekere. Ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ananela bohloeki le boleng ba stevia steviol glycosides phofo.
Ho kotula le ho khethoa ha makhasi a stevia
Khōlo: Limela tsa stevia hangata li kotuloa ha li fihla tlhōrōng ea khōlo, e leng sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho eketsa litaba tsa steviol glycosides makhasi. Ho hōla ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse kang boholo ba makhasi, 'mala le bophelo bo botle ba semela. Ka kakaretso, makhasi a seng a hōlile a na le li-glycosides tse ngata, tse thusang ho hlahisa chai e ntle le boleng ba sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.
Nako: Kotulo e atisa ho etsoa ka mekhahlelo e itseng ea potoloho ea ho hōla ha semela, hangata pele ho palesa ho netefatsa hore glycoside e na le boleng bo nepahetseng. Ho nka nako kotulo ka nepo ho bohlokoa, kaha ho ema nako e telele haholo ho ka baka ho theoha ha maemo a glycoside le boleng ba sehlahisoa bo senyehileng. Mananeo a kotulo a ka fapana ho latela maemo a leholimo, sebaka sa sebaka, le mekhoa ea temo.
Mokhoa: Makhasi a Stevia a ka kotuloa ka letsoho kapa ka lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka mochine, ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba temo le lisebelisoa tse teng. Ho kotula ka letsoho ho lumella khetho e hlokolosi ea makhasi a seng a hōlile ha ho ntse ho fokotsa tšenyo ea limela. Mekhoa ea ho kotula e entsoeng ka mochine, joalo ka mechini ea ho seha kapa ea ho hlobola, e fana ka katleho le lebelo empa e hloka tlhophiso e nepahetseng ho qoba tahlehelo e feteletseng kapa tšenyo ea makhasi.
Kotulo e Ikhethang: Kotulo e khethehileng e kenyelletsa ho lebisa tlhokomelo likarolong tse itseng tsa semela, joalo ka makhasi a ka holimo, a nang le glycoside e phahameng. Mokhoa ona o ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa mme o netefatsa chai e phahameng ea makhasi a boleng bo holimo bakeng sa ho ntšoa. Kotulo e khethehileng e hloka mosebetsi o hloahloa le ho ela hloko lintlha tse ngata ho qoba ho senya limela kapa ho senya kholo ea nako e tlang.
Tšoaro ea Kamor'a Kotulo: Ka mor'a ho kotula, ho tšoara hantle le mekhoa ea polokelo ho bohlokoa ho boloka boleng le bocha ba makhasi. Makhasi a lokela ho tsamaisoa hang-hang ho ea libakeng tsa ho sebetsa ho thibela ho pona le ho senyeha. Ha li fihla, lia hlahlojoa ho bona hore na li senyehile, li bolile kapa li silafetse pele li tsoela pele ho etsoa.
Taolo ea Boleng: Mehato ea taolo ea boleng e kengoa tšebetsong nakong eohle ea kotulo le ho khetha ho boloka botsitso le bohloeki ba lihlahisoa. Mehlala ea makhasi a kotuloeng e ka 'na ea lekoa bakeng sa boleng ba glycoside, maemo a mongobo, le likarolo tse ling tsa boleng ho netefatsa hore li lumellana le litekanyetso le litlhaloso tsa indasteri.
Ho tlosoa ha Steviol Glycosides
Ho ntšoa ha Metsi: Ho ntšoa ha metsi, hape ho tsejoang ka hore ke ho ntšoa ha metsi a chesang kapa ho ntšoa ka metsi, ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ho ntša steviol glycosides ho tsoa ho stevia. Sebakeng sena, lipeo li kenngoa ka metsing a chesang, ka tloaelo mocheso o tlohang ho 70 ° C ho ea ho 100 ° C, ka nako e itseng. Mofuthu o etsa phapang ea ho ntša glycosides ho tloha lesela la makhasi ho ea metsing, ho etsa tharollo e tsitsitseng.
Solvent Extraction: Mokelikeli o qhibilihang o kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea lihlapolli tsa tlhaho, joalo ka ethanol kapa methanol, ho qhaqha le ho ntša glycosides leselang la semela. Leano lena le sebelisoa khafetsa ho fihlela chai e phahameng le maemo a se nang boikaketsi ha a bapisoa le ho ntšoa ha metsi. Kamora ho ntšoa, ntho e qhibilihang e lula e lelekoa ka ho qhalana, e tloha ka mor'a motsoako oa glycoside.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE): Supercritical liquid extraction e sebelisa carbon dioxide (CO2) e le ntho e qhibilihang ka tlas'a boima bo bolelele le maemo a mocheso ho ntša steviol glycosides ho tloha stevia ho tsoa. CO2 ka boemo ba eona ba supercritical e bonts'a thepa e kang ea khase le ea metsi, e e lumellang ho kena lesela la semela le ho senya metsoako e batloang ka katleho. SFE e tsejoa ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa li-extricate tsa boleng bo holimo ntle le ho hlakola masala a qhibilihang.
Ho ntšoa ka Thuso ea Enzyme: Ho ntšoa ka thuso ea enzyme ho kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea liprotheine, joalo ka li-cellulase kapa li-pectinase, ho pshatla likarolo tsa lisele tsa lisele. stevia steviol glycosides phofo e hloekisa 'me e khothalletsa ho tsoa ha glycosides. Leano lena le ka ntlafatsa tsebo ea ho ntša le ho fokotsa nako ea ho lokisa ka ho holisa boteng ba glycosides ka har'a lisele tsa semela. Ho ntšoa ka thuso ea enzyme hangata ho kopanngoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho hula ho etsa hore mats'oao ka kakaretso a fokotsehe le boleng.
Tlhoekiso le Boiketlo
Filtration: Filtration hangata ke eona tsela ea ho qala ka mohato oa ho sefa lintho tse sa hlakang. E kenyelletsa ho fetisa lintho tse tsoang ka har'a mecha ea phatlalatso e fapaneng, joalo ka k'habone e kentsoeng kapa mobu oa diatomaceous, ho ntša likaroloana tse sa qhibiliheng, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, le litšila tse kholoanyane. Filtration etsa phapang hlakisa extricate le tsoelo-pele ponahalo ea eona le botsitso.
Adsorption: Mekhoa ea papatso, joalo ka kholomo ea chromatography kapa gum adsorption, e sebelisoa ho tlama le ho ntša metsoako e itseng ho tsoa ho tse tsoang. Lisebelisoa tsa adsorbent tse nang le lerato le lelelele bakeng sa lits'oants'o, joalo ka k'habone e entsoeng kapa li-particle trade tars, li hatelloa ka har'a likholomo, 'me tse tsoang kantle li fetisoa ho tsona. Sets'oants'o sena se etsa phapang ho bolaea lintho tse sa rateheng ha se tšoere steviol glycosides.
Pula: Pula e kenyelletsa ho atolosoa ha li-reagents tse itseng kapa ho fetoha ha mocheso le pH ho kenya tšebetsong tlhophiso ea li-complexes tse sa qhibiliheng kapa majoe a bohlokoa, ao ka nako eo a ka arohanngoang le tlhophiso. Leano lena le sebelisoa khafetsa ho tlosa litšila tse mebala-bala, liprotheine le litšila tse ling tse ka susumetsang bokhabane le chebahalo ea mokelikeli oa glycoside.
Membrane Filtration: Ts'ebetso ea ho sefa lifilimi, joalo ka ultrafiltration kapa nanofiltration, sebelisa lifilimi tse semipermeable ho liathomo tse arohaneng ho latela tekanyo ea tsona, tefiso le boima ba athomo. Likarolo tsena li ka leleka ka ho khetheha tšilafalo e nyane, li-buildups tse qhibilihang, le likarolo tse sa rateheng athe li lumella ho kena ha li-glycosides tse batloang. Filtration ea lifilimi e nkoa e le ea bohlokoa ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa tlas'a maemo a bonolo ntle le tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale.
Crystallization: Crystallization ke leano le tloaelehileng le sebelisoang ho tsepamisa maikutlo le ho sefa li-steviol glycosides ho tsoa ho tsoa. Ka ho laola mefuta-futa e kang mocheso, sebopeho se qhibilihang, le moferefere, li-glycosides li ka qalisoa ho etsa mahakoe, ao ka nako eo a arohaneng le tokisetso e akaretsang. Crystallization e ka eketsa bokhabane le khatello ea li-glycosides, e leng se etsang hore e be mohato oa bohlokoa molemong oa ho sefa.
Ho omisa le Phofo
Hang ha e hloekisitsoe, tharollo ea steviol glycosides e concentrated e omisitsoe ho tlosa mongobo o feteletseng, e hlahisang phofo e ntle. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho omisa, ho kenyelletsa ho omisa ka sefafatsi le ho omisa ka leqhoa, e sebelisoa ho boloka botsitso ba steviol glycosides le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba lishelefo ea tsona. Phofo e hlahisoang e na le monate o matla o se nang tatso e bohloko, e etsang hore e be e loketseng ho sebelisoa mefuteng e mengata ea lijo le lino.
Sephutheloana le Taolo ea Boleng
Pele e fihla ho bareki, stevia steviol glycosides phofo e nka mehato e matla ea taolo ea boleng ho netefatsa polokeho le katleho. Baetsi ba etelletseng pele ba sebelisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahlobo ho lekola bohloeki, matla a monate, le ho se be teng ha litšila. Ho phuthela ho etsoa ka lijaneng tse sa keneng moea ho boloka bohloeki le ho thibela ho senyeha ha sehlahisoa.
Likopo le Ts'ebeliso
Li-sweeteners: E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea steviol glycosides ke li-sweeteners tse matla haholo lijong le linthong tse khathollang. Li monate ho feta sucrose (tsoekere ea tafoleng) empa ha li fane ka likhalori ho palo ea lik'halori. Steviol glycosides e kopantsoe ka bongata ba lintho, ho baloa lino tse tahang, lintho tsa lebese, lihlahisoa tse futhumetseng, li-confectionery, li-sauces le liaparo, ho fana ka monate ntle le likotsi tsa tšebeliso ea tsoekere.
Li-Sweeteners tsa Tabletop: Steviol glycosides li fumaneha haholo litlhalosong tsa li-tabletop sweetener, ebang ke ka foreimi ea phofo e sa tsitsang kapa e kopantsoe le li-operator tse ngata tse kang erythritol kapa maltodextrin. Li-sweeteners tsena tse holim'a tafole li fana ka mokhoa o thusang bakeng sa bareki ho kenyelletsa monate oa lijo-thollo, lijo-thollo, lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, le lijo tse ling ntle le tlhoko ea tsoekere.
Lintlafatso tsa Flavour: Ho atoloseng mekhoeng ea tsona ea ho natefisa, steviol glycosides e ka sebetsa joalo ka lintlafatso tsa tatso, tsa kenya letsoho molemong oa tatso e kholo ea lijo le lintho tse khathollang. Li ka koahela litlolo, tsa ntlafatsa litholoana, 'me tsa fetela pele molomong, li etsa hore e be litokiso tse nang le phaello lintlheng tseo ho tsona ho batloang ho ntlafatsa tatso.
Lijo tse Sebetsang le Lipheko: Steviol glycosides e ntse e kopanngoa butle-butle hore e be lijo tse molemo le lintho tse nang le phepo ka lebaka la melemo ea tsona ea bophelo bo botle. Li sebelisoa ka lintlha tse lebisang tlhokomelo ho bareki ba batlang ho okamela boima ba bona, ho laola maemo a tsoekere ea mali, kapa ho fokotsa kamohelo ea bona ea tsoekere. Lijo tse nang le thuso, li-supplement tsa lijo le lintho tsa bophelo bo botle li lula li na le steviol glycosides e le metsoako ea bohlokoa.
Meriana: Steviol glycosides e hlahlobiloe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa eona tse ka bang molemo ho feta litlamorao tsa tsona tse monate. Lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore li ka ba le li-antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory le hypoglycemic properties, e leng se etsang hore li tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa ka lintlha tsa meriana. Li ka sebelisoa linthong tse kang li-supplement tsa lijo, lipheko tse hōlileng malapeng le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea molomo.
Litlolo le Lintho tsa Tlhokomelo ea Motho ka Mong: Steviol glycosides e fumaneha haholo linthong tsa ho khutlisa le tsa tlhokomelo ea motho ka mong, haholo-holo tse bonts'itsoeng e le sebopeho kapa tlhaho. Li ka sebelisoa e le litsebi tse monate kapa tsa ho lokisa lintho tse kang sesepa sa meno, se hlatsoang molomo, litlhaloso tsa skincare le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea moriri.
Bolster ea Liphoofolo: Steviol glycosides e 'nile ea etsoa lipatlisiso e le lintho tse ka eketsoang ho libōpuoa tse matlafatsang ho ntlafatsa tatso le ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea ho lokisa tse thehiloeng ho tsoekere. Tšebeliso ea bona ho lintlha tsa phepo ea libōpuoa e ka fana ka melemo e kang ho hatela pele ho matlafatsa katleho, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa bolster, le bophelo bo botle ba libōpuoa.
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fihlela qeto e
Qetellong, tlhahiso ea stevia steviol glycosides phofo e kenyelletsa letoto le nepahetseng la mehato e reretsoeng ho boloka monate oa tlhaho le bohloeki ba semela. Ka ho utloisisa ho rarahana ha mokhoa ona oa tlhahiso, bareki ba ka etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng mabapi le ho kenyelletsa stevia lijong tsa bona. Ha tlhokahalo ea litlolo tsa tlhaho e ntse e eketseha, e eme e le bopaki ba lenyalo la saense le tlhaho molemong oa ho phela bophelo bo botle.Haeba u batla ho reka sehlahisoa sena, ka kopo ikopanye le rona ho kiyo@xarbkj.com.
References
Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo oa Machaba a Kopaneng. (2010). Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni. E nkiloe ho http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/gcds/index_en.html
Prakash, I. (2014). Nts'etsopele ea Reb M ho tsoa ho Stevia rebaudiana. Li-sweeteners. Elsevier.
Gasmalla, MAA, et al. (2019). Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni: Motsoako o Mobe oa Tlhaho. Mekhoa ea Mahlale a Lijo le Theknoloji, 86, 502-510. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.022
